From 1350 onwards, Lucknow and parts of the Awadh region were ruled by the Delhi Sultanate, Sharqi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Nawabs of Awadh, the British East India Company and the British Raj. The current commissioner is Mukesh Meshram. Today, the ruins of the Residency and the Shaheed Smarak offer an insight into Lucknow's role in the events of 1857. Lucknow city's bus service is operated by Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC), a public sector passenger road transport corporation headquartered in Mahatma Gandhi road. The time from 1991 and 2001 saw a population growth of 32%, essentially lower than the figures for 1981 and 1991. This was 0.233% of total India population . Culturally, Lucknow has also had a tradition of courtesans,[37] with popular culture distilling it in the avatar of the fictional Umrao Jaan. Junior-level Badminton players receive their training in Lucknow after which they are sent to Bangalore. [180] The chikan industry, almost unknown under the Nawabs, has not only survived but has flourished. It continues to be an important centre of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, fi… Syed Modi Grand Prix is an international Badminton competition held here. This treaty effectively made the state of Awadh a vassal of the East India Company, although it continued to be part of the Mughal Empire in name until 1819. [133] The initial provisional data suggests a population density of 1,815 per km2 in 2011, compared to 1,443 in 2001. There are around 35 routes in the city. [42] Shisham, Dhak, Mahuamm, Babul, Neem, Peepal, Ashok, Khajur, Mango and Gular trees are all grown here. The number of inhabitants in Lucknow Urban Agglomeration touched more than one million in the year of 1981, while the 2001 appraisal assessed it had risen to 2.24 million. [55][56][57], The city has potential in the handicrafts sector and accounts for 60 percent of total exports from the state. It has 300 CNG buses operating in the city. [117], Lucknow Metro is a rapid transit system which started its operations from 6 September 2017. [30] In the subsequent Indian Rebellion of 1857, his 14-year-old son Birjis Qadra, whose mother was Begum Hazrat Mahal, was crowned ruler. [88], Since 1 May 1963, Lucknow has been the headquarters of the Central Command of the Indian Army, before which it was the headquarters of Eastern Command. The Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department organises a "Heritage Walk" for tourists covering the popular monuments. Lucknow city had an area of 402 sq km till December 2019, when 88 villages were added to the municipal limits and the area increased to 631 sq km. [131][132] This was an increase of 25.36% compared to the 2001 figures. [77] There is also an Executive Committee (कार्यकारिणी समिति) made up of 12 elected councillors from different political parties, who decide on policy matters of the corporation. The current ADG, Lucknow Zone is SN Sabat,[79] and IG, Lucknow Range is Suvendra Kumar Bhagat. 2 billion (2000 million rupees) to set up a textile business cluster in the city. In 1798, the fifth Nawab Wazir Ali Khan alienated both his people and the British and was forced to abdicate. There were 154,226 boys while 139,471 are girls. Bengaluru (KA) 5. Aside from this, Lucknow has a District & Sessions Court, five CBI Courts, one family court and two railway courts. [186], Educational institutions in the city include seven universities including the University of Lucknow, a Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, a technical university (Uttar Pradesh Technical University), a law university (RMLNLU), an Islamic university (DUNU) and many polytechnics, engineering institutes and industrial-training institutes. This is a group for young people to experience theatre activities, workshops and training.[178]. In the extraordinary winter cold spell of 2012–13, Lucknow recorded temperatures below freezing point on two consecutive days and the minimum temperature hovered around freezing point for over a week. During the Rebellion (also known as the First War of Indian Independence and the Indian Mutiny), the majority of the East India Company's troops were recruited from both the people and nobility of Awadh. [96] Rajnath Singh, the Union Defense Minister, from Bharatiya Janata Party is the Member of Parliament from Lucknow Lok Sabha Constituency. The city was one of the issue territories of rebellious activities amidst the Rebellion of 1857. In Lucknow city, the total literate population totalled 2,147,564 people of which 1,161,250 were male and 986,314 were female. The city became North India's cultural capital, and its nawabs, best remembered for their refined and extravagant lifestyles, were patrons of the arts. [119] The commencement of civil works started on 27 September 2014. [166] With 1975–76 designated South Asian Tourism Year, Lucknow took the opportunity to promote the city's art, culture and tourism to national and international tourists. In 1959, the UP Municipalities Act, 1916 was replaced with Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 and Lucknow Municipal Corporation was established in 1960 with Raj Kumar Shrivastava becoming the mayor. [131] The city has a total literacy level in 2011 of 84.72% compared to 67.68% for Uttar Pradesh as a whole. Another example of mixed architectural styles is La Martiniere College, which shows a fusion of Indian and European ideas. Some of Uttar Pradesh's major schools are located in Lucknow including Delhi Public School having its branches in Eldeco, Indiranagar. [49] Lucknow is also a centre for research and development as home to the R&D centres of the National Milk Grid of the National Dairy Development Board, the Central Institute of Medical and Aromatic Plants, the National Handloom Development Corporation and U.P. [211], One of the earliest All India Radio stations has been operational in Lucknow since 1938. To the east lies Barabanki, to the west Unnao, to the south Raebareli, while to the north lie the Sitapur and Hardoi. Wajid Ali Shah, the then Nawab, was imprisoned, then exiled by the East India Company to Calcutta. 1. [68] The current DM is Abhishek Prakash. This included around 60,000 individuals in the Lucknow Cantonment and 2.18 million in the city, with a population growth rate of 34.53% in 1991. Main cities served by the UPSRTC intrastate bus service are Allahabad, Varanasi, Jaipur, Jhansi, Agra, Delhi, Gorakhpur. Emperor Humayun made it a part of the Mughal Empire around 1555. [171], The classical Indian dance form Kathak originated from Lucknow. Mumbai (MH) 2. [157][158] Two poets, Mir Babar Ali Anis and Mirza Dabeer, became legendary exponents of a unique genre of Muslim elegiacal poetry called marsiya centred on Imam Husain's supreme sacrifice in the Battle of Karbala, which is commemorated during the annual observance of Muharram. 2019, showing an increase of 7.3% over 2018 (8,02,267 cases). The city has the following FM radio stations:[213], "My Lucknow My Pride" is a mobile app launched by the district administration of Lucknow circa December 2015 in efforts to preserve "the cultural heritage of Lucknow" and to encourage tourism.[214][215][216][217]. [106] Multiple modes of public transport are available such as metro rail, taxis, city buses, cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws and compressed natural gas (CNG) low-floor buses with and without air-conditioning. 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